Ovarian cysts are fluid filled sacs, of many alternative types, that occur on the surface of the ovaries, or on the inside of the ovary. Their cause isn’t really known, but the most common relate to the overall function of the ovary.

During ovulation an egg forms and, if not fertilized, dissolves after one or two days. When something goes awry, familial, immune system related, or an unknown cause, and the absorption process is halted, a cyst forms. Either the ovum, the egg, remains and the sac fills with fluid, or after the ovum has been expelled or absorbed, the follicular sac remains and fills with liquid. These 2 are factors behind functional cysts.

During ovulation, occuring halfway between the menstrual cycle, is when indications of an ovarian cysts most frequently manifest themselves as pointed pains, low back stiffness and as generalized abdominal discomfort. These sometimes are not significant and often disappear in few days or a week or so. If consistent pain each month, actually an obstetrician should be consulted. Ovarian cysts are not carcenogenic, nor do they typically become cancer.

Other kinds of ovarian cysts are polycystic cysts, meaning there are many little cysts in the ovaries, and most likely somewhere else in the body. This condition is know as poly cystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ). It occurs when the cysts remain closed after the egg forms and fills with fluid.

Cysts that form on the surface of the ovaries are usually endometrial in origin. The endothelium, the liner of the uterus that sloughs off during menstruation, is the participatory element. Part of this tissue somehow attaches itself to ovaries — and other abdominal areas and grow into painful fluid contained cysts.

Other reasons for ovarian cysts, although less common than follicular or straightforward ovarian cysts, are surface cysts that form from the tissue cells of the ovary. Not always liquid filled but often these adenomas fill with liquids, so becoming cystadenomas.

Dermoid cysts might also form but they are rare. These are cysts that contain tissue that contain skin, hair, and other cellular tissue. These too can form in other bits of the body.

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